Perkembangan Perbankan Syariah: Analisis Dinamika Pertumbuhan dan Evolusi Perbankan

Abstract

The development of Islamic banking is rooted in the early history of banking, which began as a depository institution to protect the wealth of merchants from the risk of loss. Initially, banks also served as money changers to support international trade. Over time, banks became not only depositories but also lenders. Islamic banks emerged as a response to the needs of Muslims for a financial system that complies with sharia principles, emphasises fairness, transparency and ethics, and avoids usury. This research uses a descriptive-analytical method with a historical approach to explain the development of Islamic banking, including the dynamics of its growth and evolution according to the views of Islamic economic figures. The results show that although the term ‘bank’ does not exist in Islamic fiqh, banking functions have been implemented since the time of the Prophet Muhammad. These practices cover various aspects of modern banking and evolved in accordance with the dynamics of Islamic civilisation. Thus, the concept of banking is not foreign to Islam, and ijtihad to formulate a modern sharia-compliant bank can be done by referring to existing historical practices, making it easier to formulate an Islamic banking system that is relevant and in accordance with Islamic values