PSYCHOLOGICAL RECONSTRUCTION OF TAWAKKUL IN IMAM SYAFI‘I'S POETRY: A HERMENEUTIC ANALYSIS OF FRIEDRICH SCHLEIERMACHER

Abstract

This research examines the psychological dimensions of Tawakkul (reliance on God) within Imam Shafi'i's poem, Da'al-Ayyama Taf'alu Ma Tasha. Utilizing a qualitative interpretive approach, the study operates within the theoretical framework of Friedrich Schleiermacher's Romantic Hermeneutics. The analysis is conducted through a dialectical two-step method: first, a grammatical interpretation employing 2nd-century Hijri lexicons to reconstruct the lexical meaning strictly within its original semantic field, thereby preventing historical anachronism; second, a psychological interpretation that contextualizes Shafi'i's internal state amidst the sociopolitical turbulence of the Abbasid era. The findings suggest that tawakkul is represented in the poem not as passive fatalism, but as an orientation toward accepting uncertainty and placing trust in divine decree. This interpretation highlights how the poem presents emotional composure in the face of changing circumstances. Within the text, surrender is reframed as an intentional relinquishment of temporal control. It serves as a critique of material causality regarding mortality and provides a practical framework for cultivating virtues such as chivalry (Rajulah) and contentment (Qanaah). The research concludes that Tawakkul operates as a protective mechanism for human dignity (Izzah), asserting that genuine spiritual autonomy is achieved through the exclusive reorientation of hope toward the Creator, rather than dependence on human agency.