QAWAID FIQHIYYAH AS A METHOD FOR RESOLVING CONTEMPORARY ISLAMIC LEGAL PROBLEMS
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Abstract
Law because they summarize numerous particular rulings into general principles that can be applied to emerging legal problems. This study analyzes the position of qawaid fiqhiyyah as a method for resolving contemporary Islamic legal problems and examines their application to the digital economy, family law, and socio-religious transformation. The research employs a qualitative library-research approach with a normative-descriptive character. Sources include the Quran, hadith, works on legal maxims, fiqh and usul al-fiqh books, recent journal articles, and relevant fatwas. Data are analyzed through qualitative content analysis by identifying relevant maxims, examining their legal foundations and limitations, and connecting them with contemporary cases. The findings indicate that the five major maxims—al-umur bi maqasidiha, al-yaqin la yazulu bi al-shakk, al-masyaqqah tajlib al-taysir, al-darar yuzal, and al-adah muhakkamah—provide a strong methodological bridge between normative principles and changing realities. Nevertheless, qawaid fiqhiyyah cannot be applied mechanically or independently. Their application must consider revealed texts, maqasid al-shariah, the characteristics of each case, juristic disagreement, and positive law. Thus, qawaid fiqhiyyah can function as an adaptive and contextual instrument for contemporary legal problem solving while maintaining the objectives of justice, benefit, and prevention of harm.
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